What is the most significant risk factor for the development of central retinal artery occlusion?

The most significant risk factor for the development of central retinal artery occlusion is atrial fibrillation. This condition is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate, which can lead to the formation of thrombi (blood clots) in the heart, particularly in the left atrium. These thrombi can dislodge and travel to the retinal artery, causing an occlusion that results in sudden vision loss.

Atrial fibrillation is particularly concerning because it can create a turbulent blood flow that increases the likelihood of thrombus formation. Therefore, patients with this arrhythmia are at a heightened risk for ischemic events, including central retinal artery occlusion. In clinical practice, identifying and managing atrial fibrillation can be crucial in preventing this serious ocular complication.