What is the role of corticosteroids in allergic reactions?

Corticosteroids play a critical role in managing allergic reactions by inhibiting phospholipase A2. This enzyme is essential for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, which is a precursor for the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins. By blocking phospholipase A2, corticosteroids effectively reduce the synthesis of these inflammatory molecules, resulting in diminished allergic responses.

This reduction in eicosanoid production helps control inflammation and associated symptoms in allergic reactions, such as swelling, redness, and itching. Overall, the action of corticosteroids leads to a decrease in the overall immune reaction that contributes to allergy symptoms by downregulating inflammatory pathways rather than activating or enhancing immune responses.