Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis?

Acute glomerulonephritis is often characterized by the sudden onset of inflammation in the glomeruli, leading to a set of distinct clinical manifestations. One of the hallmark symptoms is acute renal failure accompanied by hematuria. This presentation arises due to the glomerular injury, which allows red blood cells to escape into the urine, resulting in its discoloration. Additionally, patients may experience edema, hypertension, and proteinuria, although the proteinuria is typically not as extensive as seen in nephrotic syndrome.

Acute renal failure in this context typically involves a rapid decline in renal function, which highlights the acute nature of the condition. The presence of hematuria, combined with renal impairment, is a key indicator of acute glomerulonephritis and helps differentiate it from other renal pathologies.

The other manifestations listed, such as nephrotic syndrome with massive proteinuria, are more characteristic of nephrotic syndromes, where significant protein loss occurs. Progressive kidney damage over years would be indicative of chronic kidney disease rather than acute glomerular inflammation. Severe flank pain and hydroureter are more commonly associated with obstructive uropathy or nephrolithiasis, not glomerulonephritis. Thus, the