Which virus is most likely responsible for laryngeal nodules in a 2-month-old boy with a history of maternal drug use during pregnancy?

Laryngeal nodules in a young infant can often be attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is known to cause laryngeal papillomatosis, which can lead to the formation of nodules in the larynx due to the proliferation of squamous cells. This condition is typically associated with transmission occurring during childbirth, especially if the mother has a genital HPV infection.

Given the context of the child's history, including maternal drug use during pregnancy, there's a potential link to perinatal transmission of HPV, making it a relevant consideration for the development of laryngeal nodules in this infant.

Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus primarily have different pathways and presentations. For instance, while cytomegalovirus can cause various congenital infections, it is not typically associated with laryngeal lesions. Herpes simplex can lead to severe oral and systemic infections in newborns, but it does not usually cause laryngeal nodules specifically. Varicella-zoster is involved in chickenpox and can lead to complications, but it also does not correlate with laryngeal nodules. This understanding highlights why HPV is the most likely virus linked to the